Post-manufacture configuration of pin-pad terminals

ABSTRACT

A method of remotely configuring a pin-pad terminal involves a computer server receiving a merchant identifier over a network from a communications device associated with the pin-pad terminal. The computer server confirms from the merchant identifier that an entity associated with the communications device is authorized to use the pin-pad terminal, and authenticates the pin-pad terminal from a cryptographically-signed datum received from the communications device. The computer server then transmits to the pin-pad terminal via the communications device a configuration payload for installation in the pin-pad terminal. The configuration payload includes at least a payment symmetric cryptographic key set uniquely associated with the pin-pad terminal. The payment symmetric key set configures the pin-pad terminal to effect secure electronic payment via the communications device.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This patent application claims the benefit of the filing dates of U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 62/002,962, filed May 26, 2014, andU.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/111,977, filed Feb. 4, 2015.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This disclosure relates to a method and system for configuring pin-padterminals.

BACKGROUND

For a pin-pad terminal to be able to make a secure electronic paymentvia a merchant's acquirer, the pin-pad terminal must first be configuredwith a set of cryptographic keys that allows the pin-pad terminal toencrypt sensitive payment-related data transmitted from the pin-padterminal to the acquirer via the merchant's acquirer network, and todecrypt sensitive payment-related data received at the pin-pad terminal.

To safeguard the cryptographic integrity of the pin-pad terminals,before the pin-pad manufacturer releases the pin-pad terminals to amerchant typically the manufacturer configures each virgin pin-padterminal with a set of cryptographic keys by directly connecting thevirgin pin-pad terminal to a hardware security module that generates thecryptographic keys and injects the keys directly into the pin-padterminal. The hardware security module may also encrypt thecryptographic key sets, and transmit the encrypted key sets to a localcomputer for uploading to the merchant's acquirer. The pin-pad terminalsare also typically stored in a secure restricted-access room for theduration of the configuration process.

While this approach to pin-pad configuration limits the likelihood ofthe security of the payment-related data from being compromised, thisapproach to pin-pad configuration is quite cumbersome and timeconsuming.

Fasoli (US 2013/0198067) describes using a personal communicationsdevice to remotely configure a standard EMV terminal. A merchant usesthe personal communications device to provide a remote server withaccount information. In response, the remote server provides thepersonal communications device with a merchant identifier, a terminalidentifier and a configuration file that includes information specificto a financial institution. The personal communications device thenconfigures the standard EMV terminal with the merchant identifier,terminal identifier and configuration file.

Baig (U.S. Pat. No. 8,819,428) describes remotely injecting a public keyinto a PIN entry device that is already in use. The public key may bedigitally-signed by a trusted authority to allow the PIN entry device toensure that only a valid public key is injected into the PIN entrydevice. During a transaction with a merchant, the PIN entry deviceincorporates random data, time stamp data, device serial number and theconsumer's PIN into a PIN block, and encrypts the PIN block with thepublic key prior to transmitting the PIN block to the acquirer. Theacquirer may have the corresponding private key to validate the PINblock.

SUMMARY

A pin-pad configuration system and method are disclosed that remotelyauthorize merchants for secure electronic payment with financialinstitutions (using pin-pad terminals), and that remotely configurevirgin pin-pad terminals and authenticate pin-pad terminals.

In accordance with a first aspect of the disclosure, there is provided amethod of remotely authorizing a merchant for electronic payment, thatinvolves a computer server receiving over a network from acommunications device a merchant activation request that includes adevice identifier and a cryptographically-signed datum.

The computer server verifies that the device identifier is uniquelyassociated with a pin-pad terminal, and confirms from the deviceidentifier and the cryptographically-signed datum that a merchantoperator is in possession of the pin-pad terminal. The computer serverauthorizes the merchant operator for electronic payment with the pin-padterminal by associating a unique merchant identifier with the deviceidentifier, and by providing to a financial institution the merchantidentifier and merchant data received from the merchant operator.

In accordance with the first aspect of the disclosure, there is alsoprovided a merchant authorization apparatus that includes a networkinterface and a merchant enrolment processor that is coupled to thenetwork interface. The merchant enrolment processor is configured toreceive over a network from a communications device a merchantactivation request that includes a device identifier and acryptographically-signed datum. The merchant enrolment processor isconfigured to verify that the device identifier is uniquely associatedwith a pin-pad terminal, and to confirm from the device identifier andthe cryptographically-signed datum that a merchant operator is inpossession of the pin-pad terminal.

The merchant enrolment processor is also configured to authorize themerchant operator for electronic payment with the pin-pad terminal byassociating a unique merchant identifier with the device identifier andby providing to a financial institution the merchant identifier andmerchant data received from the merchant operator.

In a preferred implementation, the merchant enrolment processor providesthe communications device with the unique merchant identifier aftervalidating the merchant data, and confirms that the merchant operator isin possession of the pin-pad terminal by confirming that the pin-padterminal associated with the device identifier generated thecryptographically-signed datum from the unique merchant identifier.

Preferably, the pin-pad terminal generates an asymmetric cryptographickey pair (comprising a private cryptographic key and a publiccryptographic key), and the merchant enrolment processor confirms thatthe merchant operator is in possession of the pin-pad terminal by usingone cryptographic key of the cryptographic key pair to confirm that thepin-pad terminal generated the cryptographically-signed datum from theother cryptographic key of the cryptographic key pair.

In accordance with a second aspect of the disclosure, there is provideda method of configuring a pin-pad terminal over a network that involvesa computer server receiving a merchant identifier over a network from acommunications device associated with a pin-pad terminal. The computerserver confirms from the merchant identifier that an entity associatedwith the communications device is authorized to use the pin-padterminal.

The computer server authenticates the pin-pad terminal from acryptographically-signed datum received from the communications device,and transmits to the pin-pad terminal via the communications device aconfiguration payload for installation in the pin-pad terminal. Theconfiguration payload comprises at least a payment symmetriccryptographic key set uniquely associated with the pin-pad terminal. Thepayment symmetric key set configures the pin-pad terminal to effectsecure electronic payment via the communications device.

In accordance with the second aspect of the disclosure, there is alsoprovided a terminal configuration apparatus that includes a networkinterface and a pin-pad configuration processor that is coupled to thenetwork interface. The pin-pad configuration processor is configured toreceive a merchant identifier over a network from a communicationsdevice associated with a pin-pad terminal, and confirm from the merchantidentifier that an entity associated with the communications device isauthorized to use the pin-pad terminal.

The pin-pad configuration processor is configured to authenticate thepin-pad terminal from a cryptographically-signed datum received from thecommunications device, and to transmit to the pin-pad terminal via thecommunications device a configuration payload for installation in thepin-pad terminal. The configuration payload includes at least a paymentsymmetric cryptographic key set uniquely associated with the pin-padterminal. The payment symmetric key set configures the pin-pad terminalto effect secure electronic payment via the communications device.

In a preferred implementation, the pin-pad configuration processoruniquely associates the pin-pad terminal with a terminal identifier,transmits the terminal identifier over the network to the communicationsdevice, and transmits the configuration payload to the pin-pad terminalafter authenticating the pin-pad terminal from the terminal identifierand from the cryptographically-signed datum.

The pin-pad configuration processor may cryptographically-sign theterminal identifier, transmit the cryptographically-signed terminalidentifier to the communications device, and transmit the configurationpayload to the pin-pad terminal after receiving from the communicationsdevice over the network the cryptographically-signed datum confirmingthat the pin-pad terminal authenticated the terminal configurationapparatus from the cryptographically-signed terminal identifier.

Preferably, the pin-pad terminal generates an asymmetric key pair,generates the cryptographically-signed datum from the terminalidentifier and one cryptographic key of the asymmetric key pair, andprovides the terminal configuration apparatus with another cryptographickey of the asymmetric key pair prior to the terminal configurationapparatus receiving the merchant identifier. The pin-pad configurationprocessor may then authenticate the pin-pad terminal from the anothercryptographic key of the asymmetric key pair.

Further, preferably the pin-pad terminal is uniquely associated with amanufacturer identifier prior to the terminal configuration apparatusreceiving the merchant identifier, and the pin-pad configurationprocessor receives the manufacturer identifier and the merchantidentifier from the communications device. The pin-pad configurationprocessor then confirms that the entity is authorized to use the pin-padterminal by querying a database to determine that the manufactureridentifier is associated with the merchant identifier in the database.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

An exemplary pin-pad configuration system will now be described, withreference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a pin-pad configuration system, depictinga communications device, a pin-pad terminal, a terminal activationserver, a manufacturer server, a pin-pad configuration terminal and afinancial institution server;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a communications device of the pin-padconfiguration system;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a terminal activation server of thepin-pad configuration system;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a manufacturer server of the pin-padconfiguration system;

FIG. 5 is a message flow diagram depicting, by way of overview, a methodof enrolling a merchant in the pin-pad configuration system;

FIG. 6 is a message flow diagram depicting, by way of overview, a methodof remotely configuring a pin-pad terminal to effect secure electronicpayment;

FIG. 7 is a detailed message flow diagram depicting the method ofproviding virgin pin-pad terminals with a manufacturer's configuration;

FIG. 8 is a detailed message flow diagram depicting the method ofenrolling merchants in the pin-pad configuration system; and

FIGS. 9 a and 9 b together comprise a detailed message flow diagramdepicting the method of remotely configuring a pin-pad terminal toeffect secure electronic payment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS Pin-Pad ConfigurationSystem

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a pin-pad configuration system, denotedgenerally as 100, according to one embodiment. The pin-pad configurationsystem 100 comprises a communications device 200, a pin-pad terminal250, a terminal activation server 300, a manufacturer server 400, apin-pad configuration terminal 450 and a financial institution server500. Although the pin-pad configuration system 100 is shown comprisingonly a single communications device 200, a single pin-pad terminal 250,a single manufacturer server 400 and a single pin-pad configurationterminal 450, the pin-pad configuration system 100 typically includes aplurality of the communications device 200, a plurality of the pin-padterminals 250, a plurality of the manufacturer servers 400 and aplurality of the pin-pad configuration terminals 450.

The communications devices 200 may be implemented as a personalcomputer, an electronic cash register (ECR), a tablet computer, asmartphone or a personal digital assistant (PDA). One or more of thecommunications devices 200 may be configured for wireline communicationsover a wide area network 110, such as the Internet.

Preferably, one or more of the communications devices 200 is configuredfor wireless communications. Accordingly, preferably the pin-padconfiguration system 100 also includes a mobile communications network120. The mobile communications network 120 may be configured as a WiFinetwork, a cellular network, or a combination thereof.

The mobile communications network 120 comprises a plurality of wirelessbase station subsystems 122. The (wireless) communications devices 200may communicate with the base station subsystems 122 via wireless links124, and the base station subsystems 122 communicate with the terminalactivation server 300 via a wireline, wireless or optical link.Accordingly, the base station subsystems 122 act as a bridge between thewireless links 124 on the one hand, and the terminal activation server300 and the financial institution servers 500 on the other hand.

As will be discussed below, the pin-pad terminals 250 typically includean input (keypad) device, a display device, and a payment cardinterface/reader, and are used to facilitate secure electronic paymenttransactions with the financial institution servers 500. However, incontrast to conventional pin-pad terminals 250, instead of directlyconnecting to the financial institution server 500 of the financialinstitution used by the merchant (merchant's financial institutionserver 500), the pin-pad terminals 250 indirectly connect to themerchant's financial institution server 500 via one of thecommunications devices 200.

The pin-pad terminals 250 may be configured to communicate with thecommunications devices 200 via a wired connection and/or via a wirelessconnection. Typically, the pin-pad terminals 250 and one of thecommunications device 200 are deployed at a merchant's businesspremises. When fabricated by a pin-pad manufacturer and initiallyreceived by the merchant, the pin-pad terminals 250 are “virgin” in thesense that they are configured with communications firmware that allowsthe pin-pad terminal 250 to process input data received from the keypad,display information on the display device, and communicate with one ofthe communications devices 200, but cannot authenticate to any of thefinancial institution servers 500.

The terminal activation server 300 may be implemented on one or morecomputers, and is configured to communicate with the communicationdevices 200 via the wide area network 110 and/or the mobilecommunications network 120. The terminal activation server 300 alsomaintains a database comprising a plurality of sets of unique paymentsymmetric cryptographic keys payKx, and a plurality of unique terminalidentifiers TermID each associated with a respective set of the paymentsymmetric cryptographic keys payKx.

As will be discussed below, after a merchant purchases a virgin pin-padterminal 250 from a pin-pad manufacturer, the terminal activation server300 downloads and remotely configures the virgin pin-pad terminal 250with one of the terminal identifiers TermID and the corresponding set ofthe payment symmetric cryptographic keys payKx, and downloads paymentprocessing firmware to the virgin pin-pad terminal 250. The set ofpayment symmetric cryptographic keys payKx, together with the paymentprocessing firmware, after being installed in a virgin pin-pad terminal250, allows the pin-pad terminal 250 to perform secure electronicpayment transactions with the financial institution server 500 of themerchant's acquirer, via the communications device 200 (includingauthenticating to the acquirer's financial institution server 500, andgenerating encrypted requests for authorization of said electronicpayment transactions).

Each manufacturer server 400 is associated with a respective pin-padmanufacturer, and is configured to communicate with the terminalactivation server 300 via the wide area network 110. The pin-padmanufacturer may also deploy one or more of the pin-pad configurationterminals 450 at the premises of the pin-pad manufacturer. The pin-padconfiguration terminals 450 are configured to communicate with theassociated manufacturer server 400 and with virgin pin-pad terminals 250and allow the pin-pad manufacturer to install the communicationsfirmware and a unique manufacturer identifier ManfID into each virginpin-pad terminal 250.

The financial institution server 500 is associated with a financialinstitution. The financial institution server 500 maintains financialaccounts for each of a plurality of merchants, and is configured tocommunicate with the merchant's pin-pad terminal(s) 250 via the widearea network 110, and/or the mobile communications network 120 (with themerchant's communications device 200 acting as communicationsintermediary between the pin-pad terminal(s) 250 and the financialinstitution server 400). After the merchant's pin-pad terminal 250 hasbeen configured with a set of payment symmetric cryptographic keys payKxand the payment processing firmware, the financial institution server500 can receive from the pin-pad terminal 250, via the wide area network110 and the mobile communications network 120, encrypted requests forauthorization of an electronic payment initiated at the pin-pad terminal250. Accordingly, the wide area network 110 and the mobilecommunications network 120 are each “acquirer networks” that carryencrypted communications between the merchant's pin-pad terminal(s) 250and the financial institution server 500 of the financial institutionthat maintains the merchant's financial account (merchant's “acquirer”server).

The financial institution server 500 is also configured to communicatewith the terminal activation server 300 via the wide area network 110,and to communicate with other financial institution servers via apayment network (not shown), such as VisaNet®, the Mastercard® Networkor the Interac® Network. The financial institutions server 500 is alsoconfigured to direct the authorization requests (received from thepin-pad terminals 250 via the acquirer network) to the appropriatefinancial institution, via the payment network, for authorization.

Although the terminal activation server 300, the manufacturer server 400and the pin-pad configuration terminal 450 are shown in FIG. 1 as beingseparate entities, the functionality of the terminal activation server300 and/or the pin-pad configuration terminal 450 may be incorporatedinto one or more of the manufacturer servers 400.

Communications Device

As discussed, the communications device 200 may be implemented as apersonal computer, an electronic cash register (ECR), a tablet computer,a smartphone or a personal digital assistant (PDA). The communicationsdevice 200 may be configured for wireline and/or wirelesscommunications. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, the communications device200 includes an input device 202, a display device 204, a networkinterface 206 a, a near communications interface 206 b, and a dataprocessing system 208 that is coupled to the input device 202, thedisplay device 204, the network interface 206 a and the nearcommunications interface 206 b.

The network interface 206 a interfaces the communications device 200with the wide area network 110 and/or the mobile communications network120. The near communications interface 206 b may comprise a wiredconnection interface, such as a universal serial bus (USB) port, thatallows the communications device 200 to communicate with a pin-padterminal 250 via a wired connection. Alternately (or additionally), thenear communications interface 206 b may comprise an antenna that allowsthe communications device 200 to communicate with a pin-pad terminal 250via a short-range wireless connection (e.g. short-Bluetooth and/or NearField Communications (NFC)).

The data processing system 208 includes a microprocessor 210 and anon-transient computer-readable medium 212. The non-transientcomputer-readable medium 212 may be provided as non-volatile electroniccomputer memory (e.g. flash memory) and stores computer processinginstructions which, when executed by the microprocessor 210, implementan operating system 214, a merchant enrolment procedure 216 and apin-pad configuration procedure 218.

The operating system 214 controls the overall operation of thecommunications device 200, and is typically installed on thecommunications device 200 by the device manufacturer prior to deliveryto the end-user (merchant) and/or updated by the device manufacturer viasoftware downloads to the communications device 200.

The merchant enrolment procedure 216 and the pin-pad configurationprocedure 218 are typically installed on the communications device 200by the end-user (merchant) via a software download to the communicationsdevice 200.

The merchant enrolment procedure 216 transmits over a network (the widearea network 110 and/or the mobile communications network 120) to theterminal activation server 300 merchant data associated with a merchantoperator of the communications device 200, and receives a uniquemerchant identifier (e.g MerchID) in response after the terminalactivation server 300 validates the merchant data. The merchantenrolment procedure 216 also transmits over the network to the terminalactivation server 300 a merchant activation request that is uniquelyassociated with a pin-pad terminal 250 and includes acryptographically-signed datum (e.g. MPubK-signed MerchID) to allow theterminal activation server 300 to confirm from the merchant identifierand the cryptographically-signed datum that the merchant operator is inpossession of the pin-pad terminal 250.

After the terminal activation server 300 confirm that the merchantoperator is in possession of the pin-pad terminal 250, the terminalactivation server 300 authorizes the merchant operator for electronicpayment with the pin-pad terminal 250 by associating the merchantidentifier with the merchant data and a device identifier (e.g. ManfID)uniquely associated with the pin-pad terminal 250 and by providing themerchant identifier and the associated merchant data to a financialinstitution associated with the merchant operator. The merchantenrolment processor 216 will be discussed in greater detail below.

The pin-pad configuration procedure 218 transmits a merchant identifier(MerchID) over a network (the wide area network 110 and/or the mobilecommunications network 120) to the terminal activation server 300. Thepin-pad configuration procedure 218 also transmits acryptographically-signed datum to the terminal activation server 300after the pin-pad configuration procedure 218 authenticates the terminalactivation server 300. After the terminal activation server 300 confirmsfrom the merchant identifier that the entity (merchant) associated withthe communications device 200 is authorized to use a particular pin-padterminal 250, and authenticates the pin-pad terminal 250 from thecryptographically-signed datum, the pin-pad configuration procedure 218receives from the terminal activation server 300 a configuration payloadfor installation in the pin-pad terminal 250. The configuration payloadincludes at least a payment symmetric cryptographic key set (payKx) thatis uniquely associated with the pin-pad terminal 250.

As discussed above, the set of payment symmetric cryptographic keyspayKx allows the pin-pad terminal 250 to perform secure electronicpayment transactions with the financial institution server 500 of themerchant's acquirer (including authenticating to the acquirer'sfinancial institution server 500, and generating encrypted requests forauthorization of said electronic payment transactions). The pin-padconfiguration procedure 218 will be discussed in greater detail below.

Pin-Pad Terminal

As shown in FIG. 3, each pin-pad terminal 250 includes an input (keypad)device 252, a display device 254, a payment card interface/reader 256, anear communications interface 258, and a data processing system 260 thatis coupled to the input device 252, the display device 254, the paymentcard interface 256 and the near communications interface 258. The inputdevice 252 may be implemented as a keyboard, touchpad, touchscreen orother input device suitable for allowing a user of the pint-pad terminal250 to input data and/or commands that may be required toinitiate/complete an electronic financial transaction. The displaydevice 254 may be implemented as a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel,cathode ray tube (CRT) display, plasma display panel, or other displaydevice suitable for displaying transaction information to the user.

The payment card interface 256 is configured to communicate with apayment card 262 (e.g. credit card, debit card). The payment card 262may be implemented as a plastic card that has a contact form factorand/or a contactless (e.g. ISO 14443 based) form factor. If the paymentcard 262 has a contact form factor, the payment card interface 256 maycomprise a physical port (e.g. smartcard reader) that allows the pin-padterminal 250 to communicate directly with the payment card 262. If thepayment card 262 has a contactless form factor, the payment cardinterface 256 may comprise a wireless interface that allows the pin-padterminal 250 to communicate with the payment card 262 via a wirelessprotocol, such as ISO 14443.

The near communications interface 258 may comprise a wired connectioninterface, such as a universal serial bus (USB) port, that allows thepin-pad terminal 250 to communicate with the associated communicationsdevice 200 via a wired connection. Alternately, the data processingsystem 260 may implement one or more wireless short-range communicationsprotocols, and the near communications interface 258 may comprise aBluetooth and/or Near Field Communications (NFC) antenna that allows thepin-pad terminal 250 to communicate with the associated communicationsdevice 200 via a wireless connection.

The data processing system 260 may include one or more microprocessors264 and a non-transient computer-readable medium 266. The non-transientcomputer-readable medium 266 may be provided as non-volatile protectedelectronic computer memory (e.g. secure flash memory). The protectedmemory 266, together with the microprocessor(s) 264, provide a securememory store for identifiers, cryptographic keys and computer processinginstructions, and a secure computing environment for the execution ofthe computer processing instructions.

As will be explained in further detail, after the “virgin” pin-padterminal 250 is fabricated and configured by the pin-pad manufacturer,the protected memory 266 securely stores the unique identifier (ManfID)assigned to the pin-pad terminal 250 by the manufacturer, and thecomputer processing instructions comprise an operatingsystem/communications firmware 268 that allows the pin-pad terminal 250to process input data received from the input device 252, displayinformation on the display device 254, communicate with the payment cardinterface 256, communicate with one of the communications devices 200via the near communications interface 258, and to implementcryptographic (e.g. Data Encryption Standard (DES), triple-DES, AdvancedEncryption Standard (AES)) algorithms. However, the communicationsfirmware 268 does not allow the virgin pin-pad terminal 250 toauthenticate to any of the financial institution servers 500.

After the virgin pin-pad terminal 250 has been released by themanufacturer and the terminal activation server 300 has remotelyauthorized the merchant, the protected memory 266 securely stores amerchant identifier (MerchID) that is uniquely associated with themerchant. After the terminal activation server 300 has completed remoteconfiguration of the virgin pin-pad terminal 250, the protected memory266 securely stores a unique terminal identifier (TermID) and a uniqueset of payment symmetric cryptographic keys (payKx), and the computerprocessing instructions comprise payment processing firmware 270 thatallows the pin-pad terminal 250 to perform secure electronic paymenttransactions (contact (e.g. magnetic strip, EMV (chip/pin)), contactless(e.g. smartcard)) with the financial institution server 500 of themerchant's acquirer (including using the payment symmetric cryptographickeys (payKx) to authenticate to the acquirer's financial institutionserver 500, and to generate encrypted requests for authorization of saidelectronic payment transactions). The pin-pad configuration procedure218 will be discussed in greater detail below.

Terminal Activation Server

As shown in FIG. 4, the terminal activation server 300 includes anetwork interface 302, and a data processing system 304 that is coupledto the network interface 302. The network interface 302 interfaces theterminal activation server 300 with the wide area network 110 and/or themobile communications network 120 to allow the terminal activationserver 300 to communicate with the communications terminals 200. Thenetwork interface 302 also allows the terminal activation server 300 tocommunicate with the manufacturer server 400 and the financialinstitution server 500.

The data processing system 304 may include a microprocessor 306 and anon-transient computer-readable medium 308. The computer-readable medium308 may be provided as non-volatile electronic computer memory (e.g.flash memory) or optical or magnetic memory (e.g. compact disc, harddisk) and maintains a pin-pad database 310 and a payment key database312. Preferably, the computer-readable medium 308 also stores a copy ofthe payment processing firmware 270 that is to be remotely downloaded toand installed in the pin-pad terminals 250.

As will be explained below, the terminal activation server 300 maintainsin the pin-pad database 310 a plurality of clusters, each including aunique manufacturer identifier ManfID, a unique manufacturer privatecryptographic key MPrvK, a merchant identifier MerchID and optionallymerchant data all associated with the respective manufacturer identifierManfID.

The payment key database 312 includes a plurality of clusters, eachincluding a unique terminal identifier TermID, and a unique set ofpayment symmetric cryptographic keys payKx that are associated with therespective terminal identifier TermID. As will be explained, theterminal activation server 300 also temporarily saves in at least onecluster of the payment key database 312 a unique set of random symmetriccryptographic keys randKx associated with a respective terminalidentifier TermID.

Instead of maintaining the contents of the pin-pad database 310 separatefrom that of the payment key database 312, the contents of the pin-paddatabase 310 and the payment key database 312 may be combined into asingle database. However, it is believed that by maintaining the pin-paddatabase 310 separate from the payment key database 312, the security ofthe pin-pad configuration system 100 is enhanced since an unscrupulousentity gaining unauthorized access to, for example, the payment keydatabase 312 and the payment symmetric cryptographic keys payKx wouldnot be able to implement an electronic payment without the merchantidentifiers MerchID that become associated with the payment symmetriccryptographic keys payKx by virtue of the methods described herein.

The memory 308 of the computer processing unit 304 also includesnon-transient computer processing instructions stored thereon which,when accessed from the memory 308 and executed by the microprocessor306, implement an operating system (not shown), a merchant enrolmentprocessor 316 and a remote pin-pad configuration processor 318. Theoperating system controls the overall operation of the terminalactivation server 300.

The merchant enrolment processor 316 is configured to receive over anetwork (the wide area network 110 and/or the mobile communicationsnetwork 120) from a communications device 200 a merchant activationrequest that includes a device identifier (e.g. ManfID), and acryptographically-signed datum. The merchant enrolment processor 316 isconfigured to verify that the device identifier is uniquely associatedwith a pin-pad terminal 250 and to confirm from the device identifierand the cryptographically-signed datum that the merchant operator of thecommunications device 200 is in possession of the pin-pad terminal 250.

The merchant enrolment processor 316 is also configured to authorize themerchant operator for electronic payment with the pin-pad terminal 250by associating a unique merchant identifier (MerchID) with the deviceidentifier (e.g. ManfID) and by providing to a financial institution themerchant identifier and merchant data received from the merchantoperator.

The merchant enrolment processor 316 may provide the communicationsdevice 200 with the unique merchant identifier after validating themerchant data, and may confirm from the device identifier and thecryptographically-signed datum (e.g. MPubK-signed MerchID) that themerchant operator of the communications device 200 is in possession ofthe pin-pad terminal 250 by confirming that the pin-pad terminal 250generated the cryptographically-signed datum. The operation of themerchant enrolment processor 316 will be discussed in greater detailbelow.

The remote pin-pad configuration processor 318 is configured to receivea merchant identifier (MerchID) over a network (the wide area network110 and/or the mobile communications network 120) from a communicationsdevice 200 associated with a pin-pad terminal 250, and to confirm fromthe merchant identifier that an entity (merchant) associated with thecommunications device 200 is authorized to use the pin-pad terminal 250.The remote pin-pad configuration processor 318 is also configured toauthenticate the pin-pad terminal 250 from a cryptographically-signeddatum (e.g. MPubK-signed manufacturer identifier or MPubK-signedterminal identifier) received from the communications device 200, and totransmit to the pin-pad terminal 250, via the communications device 200,a configuration payload for installation in the pin-pad terminal 250.

The configuration payload includes at least a payment symmetriccryptographic key set (e.g. payKx) that is uniquely associated with thepin-pad terminal 250. The configuration payload may also include thepayment processing firmware 270 which, together with the paymentsymmetric cryptographic keys payKx, allows the pin-pad terminal 250 toperform secure electronic payment transactions (contact (e.g. magneticstrip, EMV (chip/pin)), contactless (e.g. smartcard)) with the financialinstitution server 500 of the merchant's acquirer (including using thepayment symmetric cryptographic keys (payKx) to authenticate to theacquirer's financial institution server 500, and to generate encryptedrequests for authorization of said electronic payment transactions). Theoperation of the remote pin-pad configuration processor 318 will bediscussed in greater detail below.

Although the merchant enrolment processor 316 and the remote pin-padconfiguration processor 318 are typically implemented as non-transientcomputer processing instructions, all or a portion of the functionalityof the merchant enrolment processor 316 and/or the remote pin-padconfiguration processor 318 may be implemented instead in dedicatedelectronics hardware, such as a field programmable logic gate array(FPGA) or a complex programmable logic device (CPLD).

Financial Institution Server

As discussed, each financial institution server 500 is associated withand administered by a respective financial institution. The financialinstitution associated with the financial institution server 500 issuespayment cards to cardholders (or authorizes a third party to issue thepayment cards). Each financial institution server 500 is configured tocommunicate with other financial institution servers 500 via the paymentnetwork, and maintains a secure accounts database that includes aplurality of clusters each uniquely associated with a respectivefinancial account. Each cluster is also uniquely associated with one ofthe payment cards, and typically identifies the primary account numberof the associated payment card, and credit/deposit entries to theassociated financial account.

Method of Remotely Authorizing Merchants and RemotelyConfiguring/Authenticating Pin-Pad Terminals

The pin-pad configuration system 100 implements a method of locallyinstalling a manufacturer's configuration (communications firmware 268,unique manufacturer's identifier ManfID, manufacturer publiccryptographic key MPubK) in virgin pin-pad terminals.

The pin-pad configuration system 100 also implements a method ofremotely authorizing merchants for secure electronic payment withfinancial institutions. By way of overview, this method involvesremotely provisioning merchant card services and payment card acceptanceand configuring payment processing host systems through the collectionand use of merchant data to perform credit adjudication and other formsof risk management as may be required to confirm the identity and creditrisk of a merchant.

As shown in FIG. 5, this method involves the terminal activation server300 receiving, at step S500, over a network (the wide area network 110and/or the mobile communications network 120), from a communicationsdevice 200, a merchant activation request that includes a deviceidentifier (e.g. ManfID) and a cryptographically-signed datum. At stepS502, the terminal activation server 300 verifies that the deviceidentifier is uniquely associated with a pin-pad terminal 250, andconfirms from the device identifier and the cryptographically-signeddatum that the merchant operator of the communications device 200 is inpossession of the pin-pad terminal 250.

At step S504, the terminal activation server 300 authorizes the merchantoperator for electronic payment with the pin-pad terminal 250 byassociating a unique merchant identifier (MerchID) with the deviceidentifier (e.g. ManfID), and by providing to a financial institutionthe merchant identifier (MerchID) and merchant data received from themerchant operator.

Before (or after) receiving the merchant activation request, theterminal activation server 300 may receive the merchant data via thecommunications device 200. The terminal activation server 300 mayprovide the communications device 200 with the unique merchantidentifier (e.g. MerchID) after validating the merchant data. Theterminal activation server 300 may confirm that the merchant operator ofthe communications device 200 is in possession of the pin-pad terminal250 by confirming that the pin-pad terminal 250 generated thecryptographically-signed datum (e.g. MPubK-signed MerchID) from themerchant identifier.

The pin-pad configuration system 100 also implements a method ofremotely configuring and authenticating pin-pad terminals 250 through aprocess by which a chain of trust (i.e. between pin-pad terminal 250,merchant's communications device 200, and pin-pad vendor) is remotelyvalidated by mutual authentication of the pin-pad terminal 250 and thepin-pad vendor's activation server 300.

As shown in FIG. 6, this method involves the terminal activation server300 receiving, at step S600, a merchant identifier (e.g. MerchID) over anetwork (the wide area network 110 and/or the mobile communicationsnetwork 120), from a communications device 200 associated with a pin-padterminal 250. At step S602, the terminal activation server 300 confirmsfrom the merchant identifier that an entity (merchant) associated withthe communications device 200 is authorized to use the pin-pad terminal250. The terminal activation server 300 may also authenticate thepin-pad terminal 250 from a cryptographically-signed datum received fromthe communications device 200.

At step S604, the terminal activation server 300 transmits to thepin-pad terminal 250, via the communications device 200, a configurationpayload for installation in the pin-pad terminal 250. The configurationpayload comprises at least a payment symmetric cryptographic key set(payKx) uniquely associated with the pin-pad terminal 250. The paymentsymmetric key set configures the pin-pad terminal 250 to effect secureelectronic payment via the communications device 200.

A sample embodiment of these methods will now be discussed in detailwith reference to FIGS. 7, 8, 9 a and 9 b.

1. Virgin Pin-Pad Configuration—Local Installation of CommunicationsFirmware and Manufacturer Public Key (MPubK)

Prior to a pin-pad manufacturer releasing pin-pad terminals 250 to apin-pad vendor, the pin-pad manufacturer executes the virgin pin-padconfiguration method, depicted in FIG. 7. The following methodconfigures virgin pin-pad terminals 250 each with communicationsfirmware, a respective manufacturer identifier ManfID and the publiccryptographic key MPubK of a set of manufacturer asymmetriccryptographic keys, and provides the pin-pad vendor with themanufacturer identifier ManfID and the associated manufacturer privatecryptographic key MPrvK for each of the pin-pad terminals 250. As willbe explained, the virgin pin-pad terminal 250 uses its manufactureridentifier ManfID and public cryptographic key MPubK to authenticate tothe activation server 500 and to decrypt payment cryptographic keys thatare downloaded to the pin-pad terminal 250.

As discussed above, the pin-pad vendor is assigned a vendor publiccryptographic key VpubK, and the terminal activation server 300 of thepin-pad vendor is configured with a vendor private cryptographic keyVprvK which, together with the vendor's public cryptographic key VpubK,comprises a unique asymmetric encryption key pair. The payment keydatabase 312 maintained by the pin-pad vendor includes a plurality ofunique sets of payment symmetric cryptographic keys payKx, and aplurality of unique terminal identifiers TermID each associated with arespective set of the payment symmetric cryptographic keys payKx.

The pin-pad vendor may generate the unique terminal identifiers TermIDby, for example, prefixing the output of a pseudo-random numbergenerator or noise generator with a code sequence that is uniquelyassociated with the pin-pad vendor, and optionally confirming that eachTermID is unique within the payment key database 312. The pin-pad vendormay generate the cryptographic keys payKx using any symmetriccryptographic key generation scheme known in the art, including usingthe current date/time manufacturer as an input to a pseudorandom numbergenerator, and using the generated pseudorandom number as an input to asymmetric cryptographic key generation algorithm. Optionally, thepin-pad vendor may also confirm that each set of payment symmetriccryptographic keys payKx is unique within the payment key database 312.

The pin-pad vendor may provide financial institutions with a payment keypayload that lists each unique terminal identifier TermID and identifiesthe set of unique payment symmetric cryptographic keys payKx that areassociated with each terminal identifier TermID. As discussed, a set ofpayment symmetric cryptographic keys payKx, when installed in a pin-padterminal 250, allows the pin-pad terminal 250 to perform secureelectronic payment transactions with the financial institution server500 of the merchant's acquirer (including authenticating to theacquirer's financial institution server 500, and generating encryptedrequests for authorization of said electronic payment transactions).Accordingly, to comply with the Payment Card Industry Data SecurityStandard (PCI-DSS), preferably each set of payment symmetriccryptographic keys payKx includes one or more symmetric keys forencrypting sensitive data, one or more symmetric keys for signingmessages, and one or more symmetric keys for encrypting/decryptingcryptographic keys.

At step S700 of the pin-pad configuration method, the pin-pad vendoruses its terminal activation server 300 to issue to the pin-padmanufacturer a pin-pad order message ordering one or more pin-padterminals 250 from the pin-pad manufacturer. The pin-pad manufacturerreceives the pin-pad order message via its manufacturer server 400.

The pin-pad order message includes a plurality of unique manufactureridentifiers (e.g. manufacturer serial numbers) ManfID that the pin-padvendor would like the pin-pad manufacturer to assign to respectivepin-pad terminals 250. To allow the pin-pad terminals 250 toauthenticate the pin-pad vendor during merchant enrolment (stepsS800-S824, discussed below) and to allow the pin-pad manufacturer toauthenticate the pin-pad vendor, the pin-pad order message may alsoinclude the vendor public cryptographic key VpubK of the pin-pad vendor.The terminal activation server 300 may generate the unique manufactureridentifiers ManfID by, for example, prefixing the output of apseudo-random number generator or noise generator with a code sequencethat is uniquely associated with the pin-pad vendor, and optionallyconfirming that each ManfID is unique within the pin-pad database 310.To allow the manufacturer server 400 to authenticate the pin-pad vendor,optionally the pin-pad vendor uses its vendor private cryptographic keyVprvK to sign the vendor public cryptographic key VpubK, and includesthe signed vendor public cryptographic key in the pin-pad order message.

If the pin-pad vendor signed its vendor public cryptographic key VpubK,the manufacturer server 400 may authenticate the pin-pad vendor by usingthe vendor public cryptographic key VpubK included in the pin-pad ordermessage to validate the signature of the signed vendor publiccryptographic key. At step S702, the manufacturer server 400 may providethe terminal activation server 300 with an acknowledgement messageacknowledging receipt of the pin-pad order message. The manufacturerserver 400 then forwards the pin-pad order message to the pin-padconfiguration terminal 450 of the pin-pad manufacturer, at step S704.

To process the pin-pad order, the pin-pad manufacturer interfaces virginpin-pad terminals 250 with the pin-pad configuration terminal 450, anduses the pin-pad configuration terminal 450 to install thecommunications firmware 268 into the virgin pin-pad terminals 250. Asdiscussed, the communications firmware 268 allows the pin-pad terminal250 to process input data received from the keypad 252, displayinformation on the display device 254, to communicate with one of thecommunications devices 200, and to implement cryptographic (e.g. DataEncryption Standard (DES), triple-DES, Advanced Encryption Standard(AES)) algorithms. However, the communications firmware 268 does notallow the virgin pin-pad terminal 250 to authenticate to any of thefinancial institution servers 500.

For each pin-pad terminal 250 interfaced with the pin-pad configurationterminal 450, at step S706 the pin-pad configuration terminal 450 issuesthe pin-pad terminal 250 a load credential message that includes arespective one of the manufacturer identifiers ManfID that was includedin the pin-pad order message. As discussed, to allow the pin-padterminals 250 to authenticate the pin-pad vendor during merchantenrolment (steps S800-S824), the load credential message optionally alsoincludes the (signed) vendor public cryptographic key VpubK.

Each load credential message commands the pin-pad terminal 250 to savein the protected memory 266 thereof the manufacturer identifier ManfIDspecified in the load credential message, in association with the vendorpublic cryptographic key VpubK (if provided). The load credentialmessage also commands the pin-pad terminal 250 to generate an asymmetriccryptographic key pair (“manufacturer asymmetric private/public keypair”), and to provide the pin-pad configuration terminal 450 with themanufacturer private cryptographic key MPrvK of the manufacturerasymmetric private/public key pair.

In response, at step S708 the cryptographic algorithm(s) of thecommunications firmware 268 installed in the pin-pad terminal 250 thatis interfaced with the pin-pad configuration terminal 450 generates amanufacturer asymmetric private/public key pair. The communicationsfirmware 268 then generates a load credential response message, andincludes the specified manufacturer identifier ManfID and themanufacturer private cryptographic key MPrvK of the manufacturerasymmetric private/public key pair in the load credential responsemessage. At step S708, the pin-pad terminal 250 also saves themanufacturer public cryptographic key MPubK of the manufacturerasymmetric private/public key pair in the protected memory 266 inassociation with the specified manufacturer identifier ManfID and the(signed) vendor public cryptographic key VpubK (if provided).

The cryptographic algorithms of the pin-pad terminal 250 may generatethe manufacturer asymmetric private/public key pair MPrvK/MPubK usingany asymmetric cryptographic key generation scheme known in the art,including using the manufacturer identifier ManfID as an input to apseudorandom number generator, and using the generated pseudorandomnumber as an input to the cryptographic key generation algorithm.Optionally, to allow the pin-pad vendor to authenticate the pin-padterminal 250 (at step S716), the pin-pad terminal 250 may use themanufacturer public cryptographic key MPubK to sign the manufacturerprivate cryptographic key MPrvK, and may include the signed manufacturerprivate cryptographic key MPrvK in the load credential response message.The pin-pad terminal 250 provides the pin-pad configuration terminal 450with the load credential response message, at step S710.

The pin-pad configuration terminal 450 repeats steps S704 to S710 untilit has received a (signed) manufacturer private cryptographic key MPrvKfor each manufacturer identifier ManfID specified in the pin-pad ordermessage, and has configured pin-pad terminals 250 each with amanufacturer public cryptographic key MPubK (corresponding to theassociated manufacturer private cryptographic key MPrvK), a respectiveone of the manufacturer identifiers ManfID specified in the pin-padorder message (i.e. so that each manufacturer identifier ManfID isuniquely associated with a respective pin-pad terminal 250), andoptionally the vendor public cryptographic key VpubK.

At step S712, the pin-pad configuration terminal 450 responds to themanufacturer server 400 with an order completion message that lists eachmanufacturer identifier ManfID specified in the pin-pad order message,and identifies the (signed) manufacturer private cryptographic key MPrvKassociated with each manufacturer identifier ManfID. Optionally, theorder completion message also identifies the date/time at which thepin-pad configuration terminal 450 received each (signed) manufacturerprivate cryptographic key MPrvK (i.e. the date/time each (signed)manufacturer private cryptographic key MPrvK was generated).

The pin-pad manufacturer subsequently delivers the requested pin-padterminals 250 to the pin-pad vendor. Thereafter, at step S714 thepin-pad vendor may use its terminal activation server 300 to establish asecure file transport protocol (FTP) session with the manufacturerserver 400. Since the terminal activation server 300 provided themanufacturer server 400 with the vendor public cryptographic key VpubKat step S700, the terminal activation server 300 may use its vendorprivate cryptographic key VprvK to authenticate to and establish thesecure FTP session with the manufacturer server 400.

The terminal activation server 300 then downloads from the manufacturerserver 400, via the secure FTP session, a pin-pad credential payloadthat lists each manufacturer identifier ManfID specified in its pin-padorder message, and identifies the (signed) manufacturer privatecryptographic key MPrvK associated with each manufacturer identifierManfID and optionally the date/time each (signed) manufacturer privatecryptographic key MPrvK was generated. Alternately, the terminalactivation server 300 may download pin-pad credential payload from themanufacturer server 400, prior to taking delivery of the requestedpin-pad terminals 250.

If the pin-pad terminals 250 signed their respective manufacturerprivate cryptographic keys MPrvK, the terminal activation server 300 mayauthenticate the pin-pad terminals 250 by using the associatedmanufacturer private cryptographic keys MPrvK included in the pin-padcredential payloads to validate the signatures of the signedmanufacturer private cryptographic keys MPrvK. At step S716, theterminal activation server 300 saves the contents of the pin-padcredential payload in the pin-pad database 310.

2. Remote Merchant Enrollment—Pin-Pad Deployment Stage 2

After the pin-pad vendor receives the manufacturer identifiers ManfIDand the associated manufacturer private cryptographic keys MPrvK of therequested pin-pad terminals 250, and takes delivery of the associatedpin-pad terminals 250, a merchant may purchase a pin-pad terminal 250from the pin-pad vendor (or a distributor acting on behalf of pin-padvendor). Thereafter, the pin-pad vendor may execute the merchantenrolment method, depicted in FIG. 8. As discussed, the method remotely(i.e. via the wide area network 110 and/or the mobile communicationsnetwork 120) remotely provisions merchant card services and payment cardacceptance and configures payment processing host systems through thecollection of merchant data and the use of the merchant data to performcredit adjudication and other forms of risk management known in the artas may be required to confirm the identity and credit risk of themerchant.

This aspect of the method is implemented by the terminal activationserver 300 receiving over a network (e.g. the wide area network 110and/or the mobile communications network 120) from a communicationsdevice 200 a merchant activation request that includes a deviceidentifier (e.g. ManfID) and a cryptographically-signed datum, verifyingthat the device identifier is uniquely associated with a pin-padterminal 250, and confirming from the device identifier and thecryptographically-signed datum that the merchant operator is inpossession of the pin-pad terminal 250.

The terminal activation server 300 also authorizes the merchant operatorfor electronic payment with the pin-pad terminal 250 by associating aunique merchant identifier (MerchID) with the device identifier (e.g.ManfID), and by providing to a financial institution the merchantidentifier and merchant data received from the merchant operator.

The terminal activation server 300 may provide the communications device200 with the unique merchant identifier after validating the merchantdata, and may confirm from the device identifier and thecryptographically-signed datum (e.g. MPubK-signed MerchID) that themerchant operator of the communications device 200 is in possession ofthe pin-pad terminal 250 by confirming that the pin-pad terminal 250generated the cryptographically-signed datum from the merchantidentifier.

The example merchant enrolment method will now be discussed in detailwith reference to FIG. 8. At step S800 of the method, the merchantinvokes the merchant enrolment procedure 216 on the merchant'scommunications device 200. The merchant enrolment procedure 216establishes a secure (encrypted) communications channel with theterminal activation server 300 (e.g. via the wide area network 110 orthe mobile communications network 120), generates a merchant enrolmentrequest, and transmits the merchant enrolment request to the terminalactivation server 300 via the secure channel.

In response to the merchant enrolment request, at step S802 the merchantenrolment processor 316 of the terminal activation server 300 transmitsto the merchant's communications device 200, over the securecommunications channel, one or more electronic forms requestingidentification information from the merchant. Alternately, the merchantenrolment procedure 216 may be pre-configured with the electronic forms,in which case steps S800 and S802 may be bypassed.

The merchant's communications device 200 displays the electronic formsto the merchant on the display device 202 of the merchant'scommunications device 200. The merchant then inputs the requestedmerchant data into the electronic forms via the input device 204 of themerchant's communications device 200. Typically, the merchant dataincludes the merchant's business name, place of business, contactinformation (e-mail address, telephone number), bank accountinformation, merchant category and any other information required toconfirm that identity of the merchant and to perform a credit statuscheck of the merchant. At step S804, the merchant enrolment procedure216 may transmit the completed electronic forms, which include themerchant data, to the terminal activation server 300 via the securechannel.

Upon receipt of the merchant data, the merchant enrolment processor 316may generate a unique merchant identifier MerchID (or retrieve a uniquemerchant identifier MerchID from a database of pre-generated uniquemerchant identifiers), and may associate the merchant data with themerchant identifier MerchID. At step S806, the merchant enrolmentprocessor 316 may then transmit the merchant identifier MerchID to themerchant's communications device 200 over the secure communicationschannel.

The merchant's communications device 200 also establishes a short-rangewired or wireless communications channel with the merchant's pin-padterminal 250. At step S808, the merchant enrolment procedure 216generates a pin-pad identification request, and transmits the pin-padidentification request to the merchant's pin-pad terminal 250 via theshort-range communications channel. If the terminal activation server300 provided the merchant's communications device 200 with the merchantidentifier MerchID at step S806, the merchant enrolment procedure 216may incorporate the merchant identifier MerchID into the pin-padidentification request.

The merchant's communications device 200 may establish the short-rangewired communications channel using a wired connection between thecommunications device 200 and the pin-pad terminal 250. The merchant'scommunications device 200 may establish the short-range wirelesscommunications channel by pairing or mutually authenticating with thepin-pad terminal 250 using a short-range wireless communicationsprotocol such as, for example, Bluetooth or WiFi.

Upon receipt of the pin-pad identification request, the merchant'spin-pad terminal 250 retrieves the manufacturer identifier ManfID fromits protected memory 266. If the pin-pad identification request includedthe merchant identifier MerchID, the merchant's pin-pad terminal 250 maysign the merchant identifier MerchID with the manufacturer publiccryptographic key MPubK to allow the pin-pad vendor to confirm that themerchant is in actual possession of the pin-pad terminal 250 (at stepS816). At step S810, the merchant's pin-pad terminal 250 generates apin-pad identification response message, incorporates the manufactureridentifier ManfID and optionally the signed merchant identifier MerchIDinto the pin-pad identification response message, and responds to thepin-pad identification request by transmitting the pin-padidentification response message to the merchant's communications device200 via the short-range communications channel.

At step S812, the merchant enrolment procedure 216 generates a merchantactivation request, incorporates the manufacturer identifier ManfID andoptionally the signed merchant identifier MerchID into the merchantactivation request, and transmits the merchant activation request to theterminal activation server 300 via the secure channel. Alternately, ifthe merchant enrolment procedure 216 did not transmit the merchant datato the terminal activation server 300 at step S804 and/or the terminalactivation server 300 did not provide the merchant's communicationsdevice 200 with the merchant identifier MerchID at step S806, at stepS812 the merchant enrolment procedure 216 may incorporate themanufacturer identifier ManfID and the merchant data into the merchantactivation request, and transmit the merchant activation request to theterminal activation server 300 via the secure channel.

Upon receipt of the merchant activation request, at step S814 themerchant enrolment processor 316 validates the merchant data (whetherreceived at step S804 or at step S812) using, for example, a third-partyidentity and/or credit verification service. The merchant enrolmentprocessor 316 also queries the pin-pad database 310 with themanufacturer identifier ManfID to retrieve the manufacturer privatecryptographic key MPrvK that is associated with the manufactureridentifier ManfID. Optionally, the merchant enrolment processor 316 usesthe date/time information associated with the manufacturer identifierManfID in the pin-pad database 310 to confirm that the manufacturerprivate cryptographic key MPrvK has not expired.

If the merchant activation request included the signed merchantidentifier MerchID, and the merchant enrolment processor 316 locates themanufacturer private cryptographic key MPrvK that is associated with themanufacturer identifier ManfID in the pin-pad database 310 (andoptionally confirms that the manufacturer private cryptographic keyMPrvK has not expired), at step S816 the merchant enrolment processor316 confirms that the merchant is in possession of the pin-pad terminal250 that is configured with the specified manufacturer identifier ManfIDby using the retrieved manufacturer private cryptographic key MPrvK tovalidate the signed merchant identifier MerchID.

If the merchant enrolment processor 316 confirms that the merchant is inpossession of the pin-pad terminal 250 that is configured with thespecified manufacturer identifier (if this step is performed), at stepS818 the merchant enrolment processor 316 generates a unique merchantidentifier MerchID or retrieves a unique merchant identifier MerchIDfrom a database of pre-generated unique merchant identifiers (unless themerchant activation request included the signed merchant identifierMerchID), and associates the merchant with the pin-pad terminal 250 bysaving the merchant identifier MerchID in the pin-pad database 310 inassociation with the unique manufacturer identifier ManfID and themerchant data.

If the outcomes of the merchant identity validation (and optionally themanufacturer private cryptographic key MPrvK expiry check, and thesigned merchant identifier MerchID validation check) are all positive,at step S820 the merchant enrolment processor 316 generates a merchantactivation response message that includes the merchant identifierMerchID, and responds to the merchant activation request by transmittingthe merchant activation response message to the merchant'scommunications device 200 via the secure channel. At step S822, themerchant enrolment processor 316 may also identify the merchant'sfinancial institution (acquirer) from the bank account informationincluded in the merchant data, and may transmit the merchant identifierMerchID and the merchant category information to the financialinstitution server 500 that is associated with the merchant's financialinstitution (merchant's acquirer). The financial institution server 500of the merchant's acquirer may save the merchant identifier MerchID in asecure database in association with the merchant category information.

Upon receipt of the merchant activation response message, at step S824the merchant enrolment procedure 216 saves the manufacturer identifierManfID (received from the terminal activation server 300 at step S810)in the memory 220 in association with the merchant identifier MerchID,to allow the pin-pad vendor to confirm (at the outset of payment keyinstallation (at step S900, discussed below)) that the merchant has beenauthorized to use this pin-pad terminal 250. The merchant'scommunications device 200 may also display a message on the displaydevice 202 of the merchant's communications device 200 confirming thatthe merchant has been authorized to use the specified pin-pad terminal250.

3. Remote Payment Key Set and Payment Processing FirmwareInstallation—Pin-Pad Deployment Stage 3

After the pin-pad vendor associates the manufacturer identifier ManfIDof the merchant's pin-pad terminal 250 with the merchant identifierMerchID of the merchant in the pin-pad database 310, the merchant mayexecute the remote pin-pad configuration method, depicted in FIGS. 9 aand 9 b. As discussed, the method remotely (i.e. via the wide areanetwork 110 and/or the mobile communications network 120) authenticatespin-pad terminals 250 through a process by which a chain of trust (i.e.between pin-pad terminal 250, merchant's communications device 200, andpin-pad vendor) is remotely validated by mutual authentication of thepin-pad terminal 250 and the pin-pad vendor's activation server 300.

This aspect of the method may be implemented by the terminal activationserver 300 cryptographically-signing a terminal identifier (e.g.TermID), transmitting the cryptographically-signed terminal identifier(e.g. Vprv-signed TermID) to a communications device 200, andtransmitting the configuration payload to the pin-pad terminal 250 onlyafter receiving from the communications device 200 acryptographically-signed datum (e.g. MPubK-signed TermID) confirmingthat the pin-pad terminal 250 authenticated the terminal activationserver 300 (from the cryptographically-signed terminal identifier) andafter authenticating the pin-pad terminal 250 from thecryptographically-signed datum received from the communications device200.

The method also remotely provisions a virgin pin-pad terminal 250 withany/all cryptographic keys and payment processing firmware required toallow the pin-pad terminal 250 to perform secure electronic paymenttransactions with the financial institution server 500 of the merchant'sacquirer.

This aspect of the method is implemented by the terminal activationserver 300 receiving a merchant identifier (e.g. MerchID) over a networkfrom a communications device 250 associated with a pin-pad terminal 250,confirming from the merchant identifier that the entity (e.g. merchant)associated with the communications device 200 is authorized to use thepin-pad terminal 250, authenticating the pin-pad terminal 250 from acryptographically-signed datum (e.g. MPubK-signed manufactureridentifier or MPubK-signed terminal identifier) received from thecommunications device 200, and transmitting to the pin-pad terminal 250via the communications device 200 a configuration payload forinstallation in the pin-pad terminal 250.

The configuration payload comprises at least a payment symmetriccryptographic key set (e.g. payKx) that is uniquely associated with thepin-pad terminal 250. The configuration payload may also include thepayment processing firmware 270 which, together with the paymentsymmetric cryptographic keys payKx, allows the pin-pad terminal 250 toperform secure electronic payment transactions (contact (e.g. magneticstrip, EMV (chip/pin)), contactless (e.g. smartcard)) with the financialinstitution server 500 of the merchant's acquirer (including using thepayment symmetric cryptographic keys (payKx) to authenticate to theacquirer's financial institution server 500, and to generate encryptedrequests for authorization of said electronic payment transactions).

The example remote pin-pad configuration method will now be discussed indetail with reference to FIGS. 9 a and 9 b. At step S900 of the method,the merchant invokes the pin-pad configuration procedure 218 on themerchant's communications device 200. The pin-pad configurationprocedure 218 establishes a secure (encrypted) communications channelwith the terminal activation server 300 (e.g. via the wide area network110 or the mobile communications network 120), generates a terminalidentifier request, incorporates the manufacturer identifier ManfID andthe merchant identifier MerchID (both saved in the memory 220 at stepS824) into the terminal identifier request, and transmits the terminalidentifier request to the terminal activation server 300 via the securechannel.

Upon receipt of the terminal identifier request, at step S902 the remotepin-pad configuration processor 318 of the terminal activation server300 confirms that the merchant has been authorized to use the specifiedpin-pad terminal 250 by querying the pin-pad database 310 with themerchant identifier MerchID to retrieve the associated manufactureridentifier ManfID (both saved in the pin-pad database 310 at step S818),and compares the retrieved manufacturer identifier ManfID with themanufacturer identifier included in the terminal identifier request.Optionally, the remote pin-pad configuration processor 318 uses thedate/time information associated with the manufacturer identifier in thepin-pad database 310 to confirm that the manufacturer privatecryptographic key MPrvK has still not expired.

If the remote pin-pad configuration processor 318 confirms that themerchant has been authorized to use the specified pin-pad terminal 250(and optionally confirms that the manufacturer private cryptographic keyMPrvK has not expired), at step S904 the remote pin-pad configurationprocessor 318 selects from the payment key database 312 one of theterminal identifiers TermID that is not yet associated with any merchantidentifier MerchID in the pin-pad database 310, and saves the selectedterminal identifier TermID in the pin-pad database 310 in associationwith the merchant identifier MerchID and the manufacturer identifierManfID. To allow the pin-pad terminal 250 to subsequently authenticatethe terminal activation server 300 (at step S910), the remote pin-padconfiguration processor 318 may sign the selected terminal identifierTermID with the vendor private cryptographic key VprvK of the pin-padvendor. The remote pin-pad configuration processor 318 then responds tothe terminal identifier request, at step S906, by transmitting the(signed) terminal identifier TermID to the merchant's communicationsdevice 200 over the secure communications channel.

The merchant's communications device 200 also establishes a short-rangewired or wireless communications channel with the merchant's pin-padterminal 250. At step S908, the pin-pad configuration procedure 218generates a sign terminal identifier request that includes the (signed)terminal identifier TermID, and transmits the sign terminal identifierrequest to the merchant's pin-pad terminal 250 via the short-rangecommunications channel.

The merchant's communications device 200 may establish the short-rangewired communications channel using a wired connection between thecommunications device 200 and the pin-pad terminal 250. The merchant'scommunications device 200 may establish the short-range wirelesscommunications channel by pairing or mutually authenticating with thepin-pad terminal 250 using a short-range wireless communicationsprotocol such as, for example, Bluetooth or WiFi.

Upon receipt of the sign terminal identifier request, the merchant'spin-pad terminal 250 validates the signature of the signed terminalidentifier TermID (if signed) using the vendor public cryptographic keyVpubK saved in the protected memory 266 thereof. If the pin-pad terminal250 successfully authenticated the terminal activation server 300 (i.e.the signature of the signed terminal identifier TermID is validated), atstep S910 the merchant's pin-pad terminal 250 signs the terminalidentifier TermID and the manufacturer identifier ManfID with themanufacturer public cryptographic key MPubK saved in the protectedmemory 266 thereof, to thereby allow the terminal activation server 300to subsequently authenticate the pin-pad terminal 250 (at step S916).The merchant's pin-pad terminal 250 then responds to the sign terminalidentifier request, at step S912, by generating a sign terminalidentifier response message, incorporating the MPubK-signed terminalidentifier S(TermID) and the MPubK-signed manufacturer identifierS(ManfID) into the sign terminal identifier response message, andresponds to the sign terminal identifier request by transmitting thesign terminal identifier response message to the merchant'scommunications device 200 via the short-range communications channel.

At step S914, the pin-pad configuration procedure 218 generates aterminal activation request, incorporates the MPubK-signed terminalidentifier S(TermID) and the MPubK-signed manufacturer identifierS(ManfID) into the terminal activation request, and transmits theterminal activation request to the terminal activation server 300 viathe secure channel.

Upon receipt of the terminal activation request, at step S916 the remotepin-pad configuration processor 318 queries the pin-pad database 310with the manufacturer identifier ManfID to retrieve the manufacturerprivate cryptographic key MPrvK associated with the manufactureridentifier ManfID. Optionally, the terminal activation server 300 usesthe date/time information associated with the manufacturer identifierManfID in the pin-pad database 310 to confirm that the manufacturerprivate cryptographic key MPrvK has not expired.

If the remote pin-pad configuration processor 318 locates themanufacturer private cryptographic key MPrvK that is associated with themanufacturer identifier ManfID in the pin-pad database 310 (andoptionally confirms that the manufacturer private cryptographic keyMPrvK has not expired), at step S918 the remote pin-pad configurationprocessor 318 authenticates the pin-pad terminal 250 by using theretrieved manufacturer private cryptographic key MPrvK to validate theMPubK-signed terminal identifier S(TermID) and/or the MPubK-signedmanufacturer identifier (SManfID).

If the remote pin-pad configuration processor 318 authenticated thepin-pad terminal 250 at step S918 using the manufacturer privatecryptographic key MPrvK (and the pin-pad terminal 250 authenticated theterminal activation server 300 at step S910 using the vendor publiccryptographic key VpubK), the pin-pad terminal 250 and the terminalactivation server 300 will therefore have mutually authenticated eachother by the completion of step S918. Accordingly, if the pin-padterminal 250 and the terminal activation server 300 successfullymutually authenticate each other, at step S920 the remote pin-padconfiguration processor 318 generates a set of random symmetriccryptographic keys randKx, and temporarily saves the random symmetriccryptographic keys randKx in the payment key database 312 in associationwith the terminal identifier TermID (and the associated set of paymentsymmetric cryptographic keys payKx). The remote pin-pad configurationprocessor 318 also encrypts the set of random symmetric cryptographickeys randKx with the manufacturer private cryptographic key MPrvK.Preferably, the set of random symmetric cryptographic keys randKxincludes one or more symmetric keys for encrypting sensitive data, oneor more symmetric keys for signing messages, and one or more symmetrickeys for encrypting/decrypting cryptographic keys.

The remote pin-pad configuration processor 318 responds to the terminalactivation request, at step S922, by transmitting the encrypted randomsymmetric cryptographic keys E(randKx) to the merchant's communicationsdevice 200 over the secure communications channel. At step S924, thepin-pad configuration procedure 218 generates a load pin-pad keysrequest, incorporates the encrypted random symmetric cryptographic keysE(randKx) and optionally the terminal identifier TermID into the loadpin-pad keys request, and transmits the load pin-pad keys request to themerchant's pin-pad terminal 250 via the short-range communicationschannel.

Upon receipt of the load pin-pad keys request, the merchant's pin-padterminal 250 decrypts the encrypted random symmetric cryptographic keyswith the manufacturer public cryptographic key MPubK saved in theprotected memory 266, and saves the terminal identifier TermID (receivedat step S908 and/or S924) and the decrypted random symmetriccryptographic keys randKx in the protected memory 266, at step S926.

At step S928, the merchant's pin-pad terminal 250 uses the randomsymmetric cryptographic keys randKx and the terminal identifier TermIDto establish a communications tunnel that is encrypted end-to-endbetween the pin-pad terminal 250 and the terminal activation server 300via the merchant's communications device 200, and is carried within theshort-range communications channel that is established between themerchant's pin-pad terminal 250 and the merchant's communications device200, and within the secure channel that is established between themerchant's communications device 200 and the terminal activation server300. The encrypted communications tunnel may be a GlobalPlatform SecureChannel Protocol (SCP) 03 session.

At step S930, the merchant's pin-pad terminal 250 generates a paymentkeys request, and transmits the payment keys request to the terminalactivation server 300 through the encrypted communications tunnel. Inresponse, at step S932, the remote pin-pad configuration processor 318retrieves from the payment key database 312 the set of payment symmetriccryptographic keys payKx that are associated with the terminalidentifier TermID and the random symmetric cryptographic keys randKxthat were used to establish the encrypted communications tunnel. Theremote pin-pad configuration processor 318 encrypts the paymentsymmetric cryptographic keys payKx and a copy of the payment processingfirmware 270 with the random symmetric cryptographic keys randKx, andresponds to the payment keys request, at step S936, by transmitting theencrypted payment symmetric cryptographic keys E(payKx) and theencrypted firmware 270 to the merchant's pin-pad terminal 250 throughthe encrypted communications tunnel.

The pin-pad configuration procedure 218 decrypts the encrypted paymentsymmetric cryptographic keys payKx and the encrypted payment processingfirmware 270 with the random symmetric cryptographic keys randKx savedin the protected memory 266, and saves the decrypted payment symmetriccryptographic keys payKx and the payment processing firmware 270 in theprotected memory 266, at step S938. At step S940, the pin-pad terminal250 generates a payment keys confirmation message confirminginstallation of the payment symmetric cryptographic keys payKx and thepayment processing firmware 270, and transmits the payment keysconfirmation message to the terminal activation server 300 through theencrypted communications tunnel.

In response to the payment keys confirmation message, at step S942 theremote pin-pad configuration processor 318 may expunge the randomsymmetric cryptographic keys randKx from the payment key database 312,and identifies the merchant's financial institution from the bankaccount information included in the merchant data (saved in the pin-paddatabase 310 in association with the merchant identifier MerchID and themanufacturer identifier ManfID).

The remote pin-pad configuration processor 318 also generates an addterminal message that includes the merchant identifier MerchID, and theterminal identifier TermID, and may also include the payment symmetriccryptographic keys payKx unless the pin-pad vendor already provided thefinancial institution with a payment key payload listing each uniqueterminal identifier TermID and the associated set of unique paymentsymmetric cryptographic keys payKx, as discussed above. The remotepin-pad configuration processor 318 then transmits the add terminalmessage to the financial institution server 500 that is associated withthe merchant's financial institution (merchant's acquirer). Thefinancial institution server 500 saves the merchant identifier MerchIDin a secure database in association with the terminal identifier TermIDand the associated payment symmetric cryptographic keys payKx.

Thereafter, the payment processing firmware 270 can use the paymentsymmetric cryptographic keys payKx to perform secure electronic paymenttransactions (contact (e.g. magnetic strip, EMV (chip/pin)), contactless(e.g. smartcard)) with the financial institution server 500 of themerchant's acquirer (including using the payment symmetric cryptographickeys (payKx) to authenticate to the acquirer's financial institutionserver 500, and to generate encrypted requests for authorization of saidelectronic payment transactions).

Preferably, the pin-pad terminal 250 establishes an encryptedcommunications tunnel with the financial institution server 500, via themerchant's communications device 200, to initiate the electronic paymenttransactions. As above, the encrypted communications tunnel may be aGlobalPlatform Secure Channel Protocol (SCP) 03 session.

1. A method of configuring a pin-pad terminal over a network,comprising: a computer server receiving a merchant identifier over anetwork from a communications device associated with a pin-pad terminal;the computer server confirming from the merchant identifier that anentity associated with the communications device is authorized to usethe pin-pad terminal; and the computer server authenticating the pin-padterminal from a cryptographically-signed datum received from thecommunications device; and the computer server transmitting to thepin-pad terminal via the communications device a configuration payloadfor installation in the pin-pad terminal, the configuration payloadcomprising at least a payment symmetric cryptographic key set uniquelyassociated with the pin-pad terminal, the payment symmetric key setconfiguring the pin-pad terminal to effect secure electronic payment viathe communications device.
 2. The method according to claim 1, whereinthe computer server transmitting comprises the computer server uniquelyassociating the pin-pad terminal with a terminal identifier,transmitting the terminal identifier over the network to thecommunications device, and transmitting the configuration payload to thepin-pad terminal after authenticating the pin-pad terminal from theterminal identifier and the cryptographically-signed datum.
 3. Themethod according to claim 2, wherein the computer server transmittingcomprises the computer server cryptographically-signing the terminalidentifier, transmitting the cryptographically-signed terminalidentifier to the communications device, and transmitting theconfiguration payload to the pin-pad terminal after receiving from thecommunications device over the network the cryptographically-signeddatum confirming that the pin-pad terminal authenticated the computerserver from the cryptographically-signed terminal identifier.
 4. Themethod according to claim 2, wherein the pin-pad terminal generates anasymmetric key pair, generates the cryptographically-signed datum fromthe terminal identifier and one cryptographic key of the asymmetric keypair, and provides the computer server with another cryptographic key ofthe asymmetric key pair prior to the computer server receiving themerchant identifier, and the computer server authenticating the pin-padterminal from the terminal identifier comprises the computer serverauthenticating the pin-pad terminal from the another cryptographic keyof the asymmetric key pair.
 5. The method according to claim 4, whereinthe computer server transmitting comprises the computer serverestablishing an encrypted tunnel over the network with the pin-padterminal via the communications device, and transmitting theconfiguration payload to the pin-pad terminal via the encrypted tunnel,the configuration payload including payment processing firmwareconfigured to use the payment symmetric key set and the terminalidentifier to effect the secure electronic payment.
 6. The methodaccording to claim 5, wherein the establishing an encrypted tunnelcomprises the computer server, after confirming that the entity isauthorized to use the pin-pad terminal, generating a random symmetriccryptographic key set, transmitting the random symmetric cryptographickey set to the communications device, and establishing the encryptedtunnel with the pin-pad terminal using the random symmetriccryptographic key set.
 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein thetransmitting the random symmetric cryptographic key set comprises thecomputer server encrypting the random symmetric cryptographic key setwith the another cryptographic key of the asymmetric key pair, andtransmitting the encrypted random symmetric key set to thecommunications device for decryption by the pin-pad terminal using theone cryptographic key of the asymmetric key pair.
 8. The methodaccording to claim 1, wherein the pin-pad terminal is uniquelyassociated with a manufacturer identifier prior to the computer serverreceiving the merchant identifier, the computer server receiving amerchant identifier comprises the computer server receiving themanufacturer identifier and the merchant identifier from thecommunications device, and the computer server confirming comprises thecomputer server querying a database to determine that the manufactureridentifier is associated with the merchant identifier in the database.9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the computer servertransmitting comprises the computer server transmitting the paymentsymmetric cryptographic key set to a financial institution server toallow the pin-pad terminal to effect the secure electronic payment withthe financial institution server.
 10. A terminal configuration apparatuscomprising: a network interface; and a pin-pad configuration processorcoupled to the network interface and configured to: receive a merchantidentifier over a network from a communications device associated with apin-pad terminal; confirm from the merchant identifier that an entityassociated with the communications device is authorized to use thepin-pad terminal; authenticate the pin-pad terminal from acryptographically-signed datum received from the communications device;and transmit to the pin-pad terminal via the communications device aconfiguration payload for installation in the pin-pad terminal, theconfiguration payload comprising at least a payment symmetriccryptographic key set uniquely associated with the pin-pad terminal, thepayment symmetric key set configuring the pin-pad terminal to effectsecure electronic payment via the communications device.
 11. Theterminal configuration apparatus according to claim 10, wherein thepin-pad configuration processor is configured to transmit aconfiguration payload by uniquely associating the pin-pad terminal witha terminal identifier, transmitting the terminal identifier over thenetwork to the communications device, and transmitting the configurationpayload to the pin-pad terminal after authenticating the pin-padterminal from the terminal identifier and the cryptographically-signeddatum.
 12. The terminal configuration apparatus according to claim 11,wherein the pin-pad configuration processor is configured to transmit aconfiguration payload by cryptographically-signing the terminalidentifier, transmitting the cryptographically-signed terminalidentifier to the communications device, and transmitting theconfiguration payload to the pin-pad terminal after receiving from thecommunications device over the network the cryptographically-signeddatum confirming that the pin-pad terminal authenticated the terminalconfiguration apparatus from the cryptographically-signed terminalidentifier.
 13. The terminal configuration apparatus according to claim11, wherein the pin-pad terminal generates an asymmetric key pair,generates the cryptographically-signed datum from the terminalidentifier and one cryptographic key of the asymmetric key pair, andprovides the terminal configuration apparatus with another cryptographickey of the asymmetric key pair prior to the terminal configurationapparatus receiving the merchant identifier, and the pin-padconfiguration processor is configured to authenticate the pin-padterminal from the terminal identifier by authenticating the pin-padterminal from the another cryptographic key of the asymmetric key pair.14. The terminal configuration apparatus according to claim 13, whereinthe pin-pad configuration processor is configured to transmit aconfiguration payload by establishing an encrypted tunnel over thenetwork with the pin-pad terminal via the communications device, andtransmitting the configuration payload to the pin-pad terminal via theencrypted tunnel, the configuration payload including payment processingfirmware configured to use the payment symmetric key set and theterminal identifier to effect the secure electronic payment.
 15. Theterminal configuration apparatus according to claim 14, wherein thepin-pad configuration processor is configured to establish an encryptedtunnel by, after confirming that the entity is authorized to use thepin-pad terminal, generating a random symmetric cryptographic key set,transmitting the random symmetric cryptographic key set to thecommunications device, and establishing the encrypted tunnel with thepin-pad terminal using the random symmetric cryptographic key set. 16.The terminal configuration apparatus according to claim 15, wherein thepin-pad configuration processor is configured to transmit the randomsymmetric cryptographic key set by encrypting the random symmetriccryptographic key set with the another cryptographic key of theasymmetric key pair, and transmitting the encrypted random symmetric keyset to the communications device for decryption by the pin-pad terminalusing the one cryptographic key of the asymmetric key pair.
 17. Theterminal configuration apparatus according to claim 10, wherein thepin-pad terminal is uniquely associated with a manufacturer identifierprior to the terminal configuration apparatus receiving the merchantidentifier, and the pin-pad configuration processor is configured toreceive the manufacturer identifier and the merchant identifier from thecommunications device, and to confirm that the entity is authorized touse the pin-pad terminal by querying a database to determine that themanufacturer identifier is associated with the merchant identifier inthe database.
 18. The terminal configuration apparatus according toclaim 10, wherein the pin-pad configuration processor is configured totransmit a configuration payload by transmitting the payment symmetriccryptographic key set to a financial institution server to allow thepin-pad terminal to effect the secure electronic payment with thefinancial institution server.
 19. A method of remotely authorizing amerchant for electronic payment, comprising: a computer server receivingover a network from a communications device a merchant activationrequest including a device identifier and a cryptographically-signeddatum; the computer server verifying that the device identifier isuniquely associated with a pin-pad terminal, and confirming from thedevice identifier and the cryptographically-signed datum that a merchantoperator is in possession of the pin-pad terminal; and the computerserver authorizing the merchant operator for electronic payment with thepin-pad terminal by associating a unique merchant identifier with thedevice identifier and by providing to a financial institution themerchant identifier and merchant data received from the merchantoperator.
 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the computerserver receiving comprises the computer server providing thecommunications device with the unique merchant identifier aftervalidating the merchant data, and the computer server confirmingcomprises the computer server confirming that the pin-pad terminalassociated with the device identifier generated thecryptographically-signed datum from the unique merchant identifier. 21.The method according to claim 20, wherein the pin-pad terminal generatesan asymmetric cryptographic key pair, and the computer server confirmingcomprises the computer server using one cryptographic key of theasymmetric cryptographic key pair to confirm that the pin-pad terminalgenerated the cryptographically-signed datum from another cryptographickey of the asymmetric key pair.
 22. The method according to claim 21,further comprising the computer server receiving the one cryptographickey and associating the one cryptographic key with the device identifierprior to receiving the merchant data, and the computer server confirmingcomprises the computer server using the device identifier to locate theone cryptographic key.
 23. The method according to claim 20, wherein thepin-pad terminal is configured with a protected memory, the protectedmemory saving the device identifier, and the computer server authorizingcomprises the computer server transmitting to the communications devicea command instructing the pin-pad terminal to save the merchantidentifier in the protected memory together with the device identifier.24. The method according to claim 19, wherein the computer servervalidating the merchant data comprises the computer server using acredit verification service to validate the merchant data.
 25. Amerchant authorization apparatus comprising: a network interface; and amerchant enrolment processor coupled to the network interface andconfigured to: receive over a network from a communications device amerchant activation request including a device identifier and acryptographically-signed datum; verify that the device identifier isuniquely associated with a pin-pad terminal; confirm from the deviceidentifier and the cryptographically-signed datum that a merchantoperator is in possession of the pin-pad terminal; and authorize themerchant operator for electronic payment with the pin-pad terminal byassociating a unique merchant identifier with the device identifier andby providing to a financial institution the merchant identifier andmerchant data received from the merchant operator.
 26. The merchantauthorization apparatus according to claim 25, wherein the merchantenrolment processor is configured to provide the communications devicewith the unique merchant identifier after validating the merchant data,and to confirm that the merchant operator is in possession of thepin-pad terminal by confirming that the pin-pad terminal associated withthe device identifier generated the cryptographically-signed datum fromthe unique merchant identifier.
 27. The merchant authorization apparatusaccording to claim 26, wherein the pin-pad terminal is configured withan asymmetric cryptographic key pair generated by the pin-pad terminal,and the merchant enrolment processor is configured to confirm that themerchant operator is in possession of the pin-pad terminal by using onecryptographic key of the asymmetric cryptographic key pair to confirmthat the pin-pad terminal generated the cryptographically-signed datumfrom another cryptographic key of the asymmetric cryptographic key pair.28. The merchant authorization apparatus according to claim 27, whereinthe one cryptographic key is associated with the device identifier in adatabase accessible to the merchant authorization apparatus, and themerchant enrolment processor is configured to confirm that the merchantoperator is in possession of the pin-pad terminal by using the deviceidentifier to locate the one cryptographic key in the database.
 29. Themerchant authorization apparatus according to claim 26, wherein thepin-pad terminal is configured with a protected memory, the protectedmemory saving the device identifier, and the merchant enrolmentprocessor is configured to authorize the merchant operator bytransmitting to the communications device a command instructing thepin-pad terminal to save the merchant identifier in the protected memorytogether with the device identifier.
 30. The merchant authorizationapparatus according to claim 25, wherein the merchant enrolmentprocessor is configured to validate the merchant data by using a creditverification service to validate the merchant data.